well can any one give a brief summary of crusades who started it and how long did it carry on ?what was the objective? who were the heros? and who won the crusades?

A brief history of crusaders from a Jewish library. http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/History/Crusader.html

For 200 years, Palestine was dominated by the Crusaders, who, following an appeal by Pope Urban II, came from Europe to recover the Holy Land from the infidels. In July 1099, after a five-week siege, the knights of the First Crusade and their rabble army captured Jerusalem, massacring most of the city's non-Christian inhabitants. Barricaded in their synagogues, the Jews defended their quarter, only to be burnt to death or sold into slavery. During the next few decades, the Crusaders extended their power over the rest of the country, through treaties and agreements, but mostly by bloody military victories. The Latin Kingdom of the Crusaders was that of a conquering minority confined mainly to fortified cities and castles.
When the Crusaders opened up transportation routes from Europe, pilgrimages to the Holy Land became popular and, at the same time, increasing numbers of Jews sought to return to their homeland. Documents of the period indicate that 300 rabbis from France and England arrived in a group, with some settling in Acro (Akko), others in Jerusalem.
After the overthrow of the Crusaders by a Muslim army under Saladin (1187), the Jews were again accorded a certain measure of freedom, including the right to live in Jerusalem. Although the Crusaders regained a foothold in the country after Saladin's death (1193), their presence was limited to a network of fortified castles. Crusader authority in the Land ended after a final defeat (1291) by the Mamluks, a Muslim military class which had come to power in Egypt.

The Eight Crusades

The First Crusade: 1096-1099
· Alexus Comnenus asked for mercenaries to defend Constantinople. Instead he received perhaps 12,000 commoners intent on liberating Jerusalem. The European nobility marched on Jerusalem.

The Second Crusade: 1147-1149
· Originally preached by Bernard of Clairvaux. Only a few Greek islands were taken.

The Third Crusade: 1189-1192
· Led by Frederick Barbarosa, Richard I of England and Philip II of France. Results in a truce which gives Christians access to Jerusalem and the Holy Places.

The Fourth Crusade: 1202-1204
· Instead of marching on Jerusalem, this crusade was diverted to Constantinople. The city remained in Latin hands until 1261.

The Albigensian Crusade: 1208
· Preached by Pope Innocent III against the Albigensian heretics in southern France.

The Children's Crusade: 1212
· Preached by Stephan of Vendome and by Nicholas of Koln. One group reached Marseilles and was sold into slavery; the other turned back.

The Fifth Crusade: 1218-1221
· An attack on Egypt.

The Sixth Crusade: 1228-1229
· Led by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. He negotiated a treaty which led to Christian control of several important holy sites, including Jerusalem. Jerusalem was retaken by Muslim mercenaries in 1244.

The Seventh Crusade: 1248-1254
· Led by King Louis IX of France (Saint Louis). He captured the Egyptian city of Damietta, but was himself taken captive in the battle for Cairo. He was eventually ransomed.

The Eighth Crusade: 1270
· An unsuccessful attack on Tunis.


[This message has been edited by Abdali (edited October 28, 2001).]

The crusades, were triggered by a series of incodents, the main trigger was the battle of manzikart in 1071 and the cruelty of the Fatmid caliph towards the pilgrms and in general to everybody.

The crusades lasted for almost a hundred and 90 years..starting from 1097(approx) and terminating in 1291-2 when Acre fell to the Mamluks, there was a 20 year break in the middle of the 13th century.

HEro's ....weeeeellllllll
there are loads, ..amongst teh Chrstians and Mulsims...the Muslims most famous were
Nured Din Zangi, Salahuddin, Babybars

The christians I have to check again...I believe Raymond, Richard the Lion heart ...

the Muslims did win, but they were then hit by the Mongols, and the Arabs never really recovered.

Read Philp K Hitti's the history of the Arabs..the best book from the Arab point of view.

Originally posted by Zakk:
The crusades, were triggered by a series of incodents, the main trigger was the battle of manzikart in 1071 and the cruelty of the Fatmid caliph towards the pilgrms and in general to everybody.

The crusades lasted for almost a hundred and 90 years..starting from 1097(approx) and terminating in 1291-2 when Acre fell to the Mamluks, there was a 20 year break in the middle of the 13th century.

HEro's ....weeeeellllllll
there are loads, ..amongst teh Chrstians and Mulsims...the Muslims most famous were
Nured Din Zangi, Salahuddin, Babybars

The christians I have to check again...I believe Raymond, Richard the Lion heart ...

the Muslims did win, but they were then hit by the Mongols, and the Arabs never really recovered.

Read Philp K Hitti's the history of the Arabs..the best book from the Arab point of view.

I don't know why people differentiate between Mongols and Christian. History proves that Christian used them against Muslims. Like they used the Barbarians.
Hence they had less heros of their "own".



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• “na maiN momin vich masiitaaN, na maiN muusaa, na fir'aun!”
  

The Mongols and the crusaders?..who says?

The Mongols swept through Eastern Europe and devastated the whole area..there was no link between the two..except the Muslims defeated both in battle !

Originally posted by Zakk:
The Mongols and the crusaders?..who says?

The Mongols swept through Eastern Europe and devastated the whole area..there was no link between the two..except the Muslims defeated both in battle !

After their defeats the great destroyers became great builders. The crusaders took the idea to Europe and the Mongols went to central Asia and build great monuments. The invasion of crusaders to the Islamic world was a blessing in disguise. Despite the fact they were savages they brought the idea of gunpowder to the Islamic world. Gunpowder was the catalyst for the rise of Ottoman Empire.

War and competition are the two greatest catalysts for change, world war2 Nuclear power

The space race..Micro processors the Computer revolution

anyway, the damage the Mongols did was something Muslims never recovered from, and Samarkand Baghdad, Bokhara..the Crusaders devastated, Syria..and the crusades began the process ending Muslim control of Sicily Malta, and Spain.

If you ever read what the Mongols did in Central Asia and the Middle East..you would understand babarianism!..Molten lead being poured into people's ears ..

Originally posted by Zakk:
War and competition are the two greatest catalysts for change, world war2 Nuclear power

The space race..Micro processors the Computer revolution

anyway, the damage the Mongols did was something Muslims never recovered from, and Samarkand Baghdad, Bokhara..the Crusaders devastated, Syria..and the crusades began the process ending Muslim control of Sicily Malta, and Spain.

If you ever read what the Mongols did in Central Asia and the Middle East..you would understand babarianism!..Molten lead being poured into people's ears ..

Yeah I know they were barbarians but the credit of rise of Ottman empire goes to them.